Detection of Breast Cancer by a Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna (CMSA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65568/gujes.2026.020106Keywords:
Simulated breast, CST studio, Microstrip Patch AntennaAbstract
Microwave technologies are important and promising in breast cancer detection, which causes many deaths worldwide annually. These techniques have many ways of diagnosing and detecting breast cancer. In this paper, the Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSA) was presented as a source of microwave signals for use in breast cancer detection. A circular MSA was designed to operate at an operating frequency of 9 GHz, which falls within the ISM frequency range, and some improvements were added to the antenna to raise its efficiency. The antenna is designed in terms of a Rogers RT / Duroid 5880 substrate, with a height of 1.6 mm, to be used in simulating breast cancer detection. Simulation involves designing a breast model (Simulated breast) that simulates a human breast with specific dimensions based on natural breast tissue's electrical and physical properties, such as electrical permittivity and electrical conductivity. By studying antenna parameters such as return losses, directivity, gain, and current density, whose values differ with the presence of a tumor inside the breast, and comparing these values with the absence of a tumor inside the breast, the diagnosis and presence of cancer cells is reached. In this research, the CST STUDIO program was used to design both the antenna and the breast model. The CMSA antenna will be evaluated using a breast model containing a tumor with altered electrical properties. Electrical properties, particularly conductivity (σ) and permittivity (ε), are critical factors in determining the presence of a cancer within the breast.
References
[1] S. Samal, S. Dwari, A. Dutta, and S. P. Reddy, “A Microstrip Patch antenna for biomedical applications at 2.45 GHz,” CODEC 2012 - 5th Int. Conf. Comput. Devices Commun., vol. 3, pp. 45–48, 2012, doi: 10.1109/CODEC.2012.6509195.
[2] P. M. Ridoy, K. Md.elme, P. Saha, M. J. A. M. Hoque, T. K. Tulka, and M. A. Rahman, “Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Biomedical Application Using ISM Band,” 2021 Int. Conf. Intell. Technol. CONIT 2021, pp. 1–6, 2021, doi: 10.1109/CONIT51480.2021.9498491.
[3] World Health Organization (WHO), “Breast Cancer.” .
[4] N. B. C. Foundation, “Early Detection.” https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/early-detection-of-breast-cancer/.
[5] D. A. Kennedy, T. Lee, and D. Seely, “A comparative review of thermography as a breast cancer screening technique,” Integr. Cancer Ther., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2009, doi: 10.1177/1534735408326171.
[6] P. Jaglan, R. Dass, and M. Duhan, “Breast Cancer Detection Techniques: Issues and Challenges,” J. Inst. Eng. Ser. B, vol. 100, no. 4, pp. 379–386, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s40031-019-00391-2.
[7] Z. S. Lima, M. R. Ebadi, G. Amjad, and L. Younesi, “Application of imaging technologies in breast cancer detection: A review article,” Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 838–848, 2019, doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.171.
[8] K. Ouerghi, N. Fadlallah, A. Smida, R. Ghayoula, J. Fattahi, and N. Boulejfen, “Circular antenna array design for breast cancer detection,” in 2017 Sensors Networks Smart and Emerging Technologies, SENSET 2017, 2017, vol. 2017-Janua, no. 1, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/SENSET.2017.8125016.
[9] K. Nahalingam and S. Sharma, “An investigation on microwave breast cancer detection by ultra-widebandwidth (UWB) microstrip slot antennas,” vol. 1, pp. 3385–3388, 2012, doi: 10.1109/aps.2011.6222774.
[10] L. Wang, “Microwave Imaging and Sensing Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection,” Micromachines, vol. 14, no. 7, 2023, doi: 10.3390/mi14071462.
[11] M. Lazebnik et al., “A large-scale study of the ultrawideband microwave dielectric properties of normal, benign and malignant breast tissues obtained from cancer surgeries,” Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 52, no. 20, pp. 6093–6115, 2007, doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/20/002.
[12] N. Ali and R. Uyguroglu, “DQWHQQD SHUIRUPDQFH,” pp. 325–329, 2018.
[13] N. Alsawaftah, S. El-Abed, S. Dhou, and A. Zakaria, “Microwave Imaging for Early Breast Cancer Detection: Current State, Challenges, and Future Directions,” J. Imaging, vol. 8, no. 5, 2022, doi: 10.3390/jimaging8050123.
[14] R. Singh, N. Narang, D. Singh, and M. Gupta, “Compact wideband microstrip patch antenna design for breast cancer detection,” Def. Sci. J., vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 352–358, 2021, doi: 10.14429/DSJ.71.16704.
[15] V. K. N. Pradeep A S, Thippesha D, Barsanoor Abhishek, Uma Angadi, Swathi S, “Design and Analysis of Wearable Microstrip Patch Antenna Applied for Breast Cancer Detection,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol. www.irjet.net, vol. 07, no. 08, pp. 2175–2178, 2020, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3990024.
[16] M. Slimi, B. Jmai, P. Mendes, and A. Gharsallah, “Breast cancer detection based on CPW antenna,” Mediterr. Microw. Symp., vol. 2019-Octob, pp. 3–6, 2019, doi: 10.1109/MMS48040.2019.9157301.
[17] R. Garg, “Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook (Artech House Antennas and Propagation Library) by P. Bhartia, Inder Bahl, R. Garg, A. Ittipiboon (z-lib.org).” 2000.
[18] B. Olatujoye and J. C. Saturday, “Design and Performance Analysis of 4-Element Multiband Circular Microstrip Antenna Array for Wireless Communications,” vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2023, doi: 10.9790/2834-1801010107.
[19] T. F. A. Nayna, A. K. M. Baki, and F. Ahmed, “Comparative study of rectangular and circular microstrip patch antennas in X band,” in 2014 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information & Communication Technology, Apr. 2014, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/ICEEICT.2014.6919142.
[20] M. Elsaadi, Y. Aid, M. Abbas, A. Embarek, and K. Salih, “Hyperthermia for Breast Cancer Treatment Using Slotted Circular Patch Antenna,” Circuits Syst., vol. 10, no. 03, pp. 37–44, 2019, doi: 10.4236/cs.2019.103003.
[21] D. Bhargava and P. Rattanadecho, “Microwave imaging of breast cancer: Simulation analysis of SAR and temperature in tumors for different age and type,” Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 31, p. 101843, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2022.101843.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gharyan University Journal of Engineering Science (GUJES)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
